
Two Member States had deficits equal to or higher than 3 percent of GDP: Spain (-3.1 percent) and Portugal (-3.0 percent).
In 2017, Malta (+3.9 percent), Cyprus (+1.8 percent), the Czech Republic (+1.6 percent), Luxembourg (+1.5 percent), Sweden and Germany (both +1.3 percent), the Netherlands (+1.1 percent), Denmark (+1.0 percent), Bulgaria (+0.9 percent), Greece and Croatia (both +0.8 percent) and Lithuania (+0.5 percent) registered a government surplus, while Slovenia reported a government balance.
The lowest government deficits as a percentage of GDP were recorded in Ireland and Estonia (both -0.3 percent), Latvia (-0.5 percent) and Finland (-0.6 percent).
At the same time, in the euro area the government deficit to GDP ratio fell from 1.5 percent in 2016 to 0.9 percent in 2017, and in the EU28 from 1.6 percent to 1 percent. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio declined from 89.0% at the end of 2016 to 86.7 percent at the end of 2017, and in the EU28 from 83.3 percent to 81.6 percent.
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